July 2014

Purpose—To compare the in vitro effect of rose bengal and riboflavin as photosensitizing agents for photodynamic therapy (PDT) on fungal isolates that are common causes of fungal keratitis

March 2016

PURPOSE: To evaluate the in vitro efficacy of rose bengal– and riboflavin-mediated photodynamic therapy for inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates.

September 2017

Purpose—To evaluate the efficacy of rose bengal photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (PDAT) for the management of a patient with multidrug-resistant Fusarium keratoplasticum keratitis unresponsive to standard clinical treatment.

October 2018

In short, the case detailed a 56-year-old female patient with history of penetrating keratoplasty due to keratoconus, who presented with corneal infection secondary to Fusarium keratoplasticum, unresponsive to standard medical treatment.

December 2019

Purpose—To report clinical outcomes of Rose Bengal Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy (RB-PDAT) as an adjunct treatment for severe, progressive infectious keratitis.

September 2019

The current study suggests that even though penetration of the RB dye has been shown to be limited, oxidative stress produced by RB-PDAT can reach deeper into the corneal stroma. Nevertheless, our results show that performing RB-PDAT is safe on the corneal endothelium and has no effect on LSC viability or function.

June 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the in vitro efficacy of rose bengal and riboflavin photodynamic antimicrobial therapy for inhibition the growth of four Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) isolates.

August 2022

Purpose: To evaluate in vivo corneal changes after Rose Bengal photodynamic antimicrobial therapy treatment (RB-PDAT) in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits.

July 2021

A 68-year-old Hispanic male with history of sleeping with soft contact-lens presented with a severe corneal ulcer in the left eye. His visual acuity was HM. Examination revealed limbus to limbus corneal infiltration with active melting and a 30% hypopyon (A).

December 2020

In ophthalmology, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used for numerous applications. PDT with Rose Bengal as a photosensitizer combined with green light optical irradiation (RB-PDAT) is a novel treatment with dual purpose: to arrest the infection from progressing and strengthen the collagen of the cornea.

January 2022

Purpose: To examine and compare the efficacy of in vitro growth inhibition using rose bengal and riboflavin photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (PDAT) for Nocardia keratitis isolates.

August 2022

PURPOSE: To evaluate the intermediate-term clinical outcomes of Rose Bengal Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy (RB-PDAT) for infectious keratitis; secondarily, to evaluate the surgical outcomes of individuals who underwent optical keratoplasty after RB-PDAT.

February 2024

The purpose is to assess the efcacy of rose bengal photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (PDAT) using diferent irradiation energy levels and photosensitizer concentrations for the inhibition of fungal keratitis isolates.

May 2024

OBJECTIVE: To document the disease progression of carbapenemase-resistant P aeruginosa keratitis after an artificial tear contamination outbreak.

June 2020

June 2024

Aim: Rose Bengal photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (RB-PDAT) has poor corneal penetration, limiting its efficacy against acanthamoeba keratitis(AK). Iontophoresis enhances corneal permeation of charged molecules, piquing interest in its effects on RB in ex vivo human corneas.

August 2024

Purpose: To report a successfully managed case of idiopathic Fusarium sclerouveitis in a healthy patient with no identifiable risk factors.

November 2024

Treatment shows potential as a valuable adjunct therapy to treat corneal infections

June 2025

Purpose: To report the utility of Rose Bengal Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy (RBPDAT) as an adjunct treatment in rapidly progressing Infectious Necrotizing Scleritis (INS) secondary to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods Retrospective chart review was conducted on consecutive patients with scleritis and culture-proven Pseudomonas aeruginosa who underwent RB-PDAT. energy levels and photosensitizer concentrations for the inhibition of fungal keratitis isolates.

November 2024

Purpose: Fungal keratitis has a poor prognosis given deep penetration into the corneal stroma. While Rose Bengal photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (RB-PDAT) is a promising adjunct treatment for refractory cases, poor penetration limits its effectiveness. This study explores the penetration depth of alternative photosensitizers to address this issue.

August 2025

Background/Purpose: To compare the microbiologic and histopathologic features of Acanthamoeba isolates recovered from patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) who underwent a therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (TPK), optical penetrating keratoplasty (OPK), or deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) after Rose Bengal Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy (RB-PDAT).

Jan 2026

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of combining rose bengal (RB) photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (PDAT) with conventional topical antifungals (amphotericin B, natamycin, and voriconazole) on clinical Fusarium and Aspergillus isolates and to determine the antifungal stability under experimental conditions.

April 2022

Purpose: To report the clinical outcome of Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy (PDAT) with Rose Bengal (RB) used as an early adjuvant therapy in patients with fungal keratitis and their microbiological and pathological correlation.

July 2024

Fungal or acanthamoeba keratitis often has a poor outcome despite receiving the best available medical therapy. Rose Bengal Photodynamic Therapy (RB-PDT) may directly kill infectious organisms and strengthen the cornea, reducing the risk of perforation or need for therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty. This protocol describes the first large, NIH-funded, randomized clinical trial to study this therapy in patients and will determine whether RB-PDT is a beneficial adjunctive therapy for infectious keratitis.

March 2025

Purpose: To report the outcome of Acanthamoeba keratitis, with early addition of Photo-dynamic antimicrobial therapy with Rose Bengal (PDAT-RB) to the medical treatment (combination of 0.02% Polyhexamethylene Biguanide (PH)and 0.02% chlorhexidine(CH)).

August 2025

Abstract: Infectious keratitis (IK), including bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral etiologies, continues to represent a significant cause of ocular morbidity in the United States and around the world.

September 2025

Objective: To determine the effect of adjunctive rose-bengal photodynamic therapy (RB-PDT) in the treatment of fungal, Acanthamoeba, and smear/culture negative infectious keratitis.

June 2025

Purpose: To describe the use of Rose Bengal Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy (RB-PDAT) combined with amniotic membrane graft (AMG) as a novel surgical technique for infectious keratitis in a patient with Boston Keratoprosthesis (B-Kpro) type 1 Lucia.

May 2025

Abstract: Candida albicans is a significant pathogen in various fungal infections, including oral candidiasis and denture stomatitis.

September 2025

Objective: To determine the effect of adjunctive rose-bengal photodynamic therapy (RB-PDT) in the treatment of fungal, Acanthamoeba, and smear/culture negative infectious keratitis.

December 2025

Purpose: To report the clinical outcomes, microbiological profile, and efficacy of Rose Bengal photodynamic therapy (RB-PDT) as adjuvant treatment in patients with severe infectious keratitis (IK).

March 2025

Purpose: To assess corneal resistance to enzymatic digestion after rose bengal (RB)/green light and RB/green light followed by riboflavin (RF)/ultraviolet A (UV-A) cross-linking (CXL), with or without oxygen.

Jan 2026

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of Rose Bengal and green light corneal cross-linking (RGX) as an adjunctive treatment for complicated corneal ulcers and stromal abscesses in horses.